Vampire Physiology
Blood Blood has been a symbol of life since very ancient times. The blood
in our veins has always been iconic of our continuing life. To lose too much blood is to lose consciousness, breath, and eventually,
our very lives. If a person or animal is already dead and is cut open, blood does not flow. Only the living have blood that
flows. Blood has been used throughout the ages as a ceremonial sacrifice. In pagan times our forefathers worshipped their
gods with blood sacrifice. And today, indeed, we are not so different. Even in modern times, in our churches, there are those
taking communion or the Eucharist, and drinking of the wine that symbolizes Christ's blood.
It seems appropriate, then, that this creature who is an antithesis of both death and life should
gain his strength from feeding from the life's blood of humans. For the vampire, the drinking of blood is its life, its sustenance,
and the single thing that makes it identifiable all around the world, regardless of the culture in which you were raised or
the language you speak.
As the scientific nature of man progressed, he began to abandon his God in favour of logic and
reason. In this the vampire tale was no different. As the nineteenth century drew to a close and the twentieth century approached,
reason began to enter vampire literature. Scientific reasoning was applied in an attempt to justify the vampiric need for
blood. In many literary instances it was linked to anemia, and blood loss. In Bram Stoker's Dracula, Van Helsing
prescribed a blood transfusion for Lucy, in an attempt to divest her of the vampire blood in her body.
Fangs
Most vampires (although not neccessarily all, depending on whom you ask) require blood to survive.
Fangs, it is commonly thought in the animal kingdom, make it easier for mammals to tear open the flesh of their prey. In terms
of the vampire, it would make feeding far easier. Yet not all folkloric or even fictional vampires are fanged. Historic accounts
of vampires rarely mentionfangs, and even Bela Lugosi's portrayal of Dracula in 1931 was done sans fang.
As cinematic prowess increased and the movie industry was able to do more with special effects,
a new vampiric ability evolved. In movies today it is common to see the vampire with retractable canine fangs. This
allows him to circulate with humans more easily; with the fangs retracted, he is more easily perceived as human. In the Canadian
television series Forever Knight, the main vampire character, Nick, has fangs that only protrude when his dark, vampiric nature
is unleashed.
Fingernails
In European and Slavic history, fingernails were thought to be one of the tell-tale signs that
a corpse was a vampire. Vampires were thought to lose their old nails and grow new ones upon their entry to the vampiric world.
An exhumed body that lacked nails or had grown new ones was summarily staked, and very often burned or reburied with garlic
to seal the corpse within the ground.
In modern literature, many vampire novels have mentioned fingernails specifically. Two of the
most common of these are Dracula and Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles. In Dracula, Jonathan Harker notices
that Dracula's "nails were long and fine, and cut to a sharp point." When Dracula later opened a wound on his chest for Mina
Murray to drink his blood, he did so with these sharp, pointed nails. In Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles, Louis and Lestat
both mention the glassy appearance of their fingernails, so different from that of humans. Many times it was something that
they take care to hide.
Hair
The histories of both European and Slavic vampire hunts also show hair growth as a sign of vampirism,
although this sign was generally not found unless the corpse also displayed many other traits thought to be associated with
a vampire.
Modern cinema tends not to deal with the subject of hair, as a rule. One notable exception is
Interview With the Vampire. The vampire child Claudia shears off all her hair in a rage, only to find that it grows
back in seconds.
Reproduction
The term Dhampir in modern folklore refers to the offspring of a vampire and a human mate, traditionally
a male vampire mating with a human female. This offspring was normally male. The dhampir was thought to have special qualities.
He could sense where vampires hid themselves from the world, and therefore he had the ability to be a superb vampire hunter.
These qualities would be passed down genetically to his offspring, and it was thought to last many generations.
As well, the terms incubus and succubus refer to vampires who perform a sexual attack upon their
intended victims, and it was likely these types of vampires who produced offspring. However, references to exactly how (!)
this was accomplished is very scarce.
Senses
In modern literature, a vampire's sense of vision is thought to be very acute. This is largely
due to the fact that they are a nocturnal creature, and therefore must be able to adapt to their environment. It also explains
why sunlight is thought to be so painful to their eye. Their eyesight has often been attributed to a residue from their ability
to change into bats .
Many treatments of the topic also state that hearing can be heightened in a vampire body. This
allows them to hear mortals from a great distance (far greater than human ears could pick up) and also to discern when another
vampire draws near. This is evident in the Canadian television program Forever Knight; Nick can hear over great distances,
and this allows him to capture the criminals he chases. Their acute sense of hearing may also be attributed to their nocturnal
nature; as night hunters, the ability to hunt quietly and hear well would be invaluable.
Strength
The vampire came by its supernatural strength through modern film and literature. Vampires,
historically, were not know for their great strength; they normally attacked only "weaker" victims, such as children or the
elderly. They never attacked a group of people for fear of being overcome. However, the modern view of vampires have allowed
them a certain arrogance, knowing that no mere mortal could overpower them. Many of the personality traits that we have come
to so adore in the vampire today are a result of this arrogance, knowing that they are truly immortal but for a few weaknesses.
Shape-Changing
Although there was a small link between shape-changing and vampires for hundreds of years, it
was not until Dracula that the true connection was made. In the novel, Stoker described Dracula as able to change into
a rat, a bat, or the very mist itself.
Vampire bats became by far the most common of these shapes a vampire could command at will.
This could be because vampire bats, by their nature, are closely related to the vampire itself. They are nocturnal, and feed
exclusively off the blood of various mammals and other vertebrates. They have very sharp teeth which they use to pierce the
victim's skin, and then they lap up the blood as it flows. It has also been known as an emerging problem; it is a proficient
carrier of rabies (not unlike the definition of Nosferatu, which itself mean plague-carrier).
The ability to transform at will into mist has brought many advantages to the vampire, allowing
him to escape vampire hunters and other dangers quickly. In addition, mist (in some cases) has allowed the vampire to move
great distances at one time.
Skin
Historically, vampire skin was dark instead of the alabaster skin we see today in film. Paul
Barber, author of Vampires, Burial and Death, suggests that this is becuase suspected "vampires" were actually corpses
decomposing in their graves. Skin naturally turns darker and sloughs off the bone as the body decomposes. This may account
for many reports in medieval Europe of vampires "growing new skin".
Today, vampire skin is by nature very white and smooth. This is likely due to the fact that
these creatures are nocturnal, and never get to see the sun. Their skin therefore gets bleached over time. Also, the vampire
is an undead creature, and unless he has recently fed, there is a lack of colour-giving blood in his body.
In The Vampire Chronicles, Anne Rice describes the vampire skin as nearly transparent when the
vampire is starved for blood. After feeding, they attain a healthier, more human skin tone, but this is a temporary change.
Lestat mentions on several occasions having to powder his skin to pass for human.
To destroy a vampire:
BEHEADING
This commonly must be done with
a gravedigger's shovel. The belief was that the brain was the second seat of life, ergo, if you cut off the vampire's head,
you remove its life force.
~won't/will work- if the head is taken from the body then
stabed and burned as well as burning the body in a different fire then it will, otherwise it won't~
BURNING
This is a common and universal method of disposing of a
vampire.
~won't/will work- after burning you must spread the
ashes to make it work~
BURYING FACE DOWNWARDS
If it was suspected that someone might become a vampire,
burying them face downwards was believed to prevent the change occurring.
~won't work- if you've been changed there is no way
to stop you from becoming a vampire~
WOODEN STAKE
It was believed that the heart was the first seat of life
therefore driving a stake through the heart would destroy that life force. According to some legends, the stake must be a
special type of wood--generally ash, hawthorn, maple or aspen--and it must be driven through the heart with one blow.
~won't work- vampire can remove the stake on their
own and can heal after a little rest~
Other ways are:
Cut off and burn the head ~will work- already stated~
Pile stones on the grave ~won't work- vampires are generally
made out of the grave so it would do no good~
Put poppy seeds on the grave ~won't work- same as last~
Boil the head in vinegar ~won't work- vinegar smells too
much, lol kidding but it still won't work~
Chain to the grave with wild roses ~won't work- already
stated~
Place a coin in the mouth and decapitate with an axe ~won't
work- you really expect to hold one still THAT long, palease!~
Put a lemon in the mouth ~won't work- it's just a lemon!~
Bury at a crossroads ~won't work- already stated~
Remove the heart and cut it in two. Put garlic in the mouth
and a nail in the head ~won't work- too messy~
Drive a stake through the heart and a nail through the
temple ~won't work- basically the same as a stake through the heart~
Cut off the toes and drive a nail through the neck ~won't
work- what good would cutting off the toes do?!~
Pour boiling oil on the body and drive a nail through the
navel ~won't work- what would be the point of that?~
Mythical vampire powers:
CHURCHES: The traditional
vampire could not enter a church, though some of his modern counterparts do not share this restriction. ~false- vampires
can enter churches~
COFFINS: Vampires almost always
have to sleep in their coffin during the hours of daylight. Some
legends include native soil as part of this myth. ~false- they just have to sleep in a dark place with no light, weither
that be a windowless room, a coffin, a box, or a holw in the ground~
CRUCIFIXES: Traditionally
a crucifix will hold off a vampire. If touched to the vampire's skin, it will burn and scar; though its use is usually not
fatal to the vampire. Its efficiency depends upon the faith of its user. ~false- crucifixes hold no power over vampires
and some actually have one or more~
EUCHARIST WAFER: This is another
traditional weapon used to ward off vampires. Again, its efficiency depends upon the faith of its user. ~false- all it
really is is water, true it is "blessed" but it still doesn't affect them~
FLYING: Traditionally this
is done by turning into a bat. In more recent times, vampires can fly in human form. ~true- though the don't actually fly
for say they can jump great hights and distances and their "inner demon" can makes them "fly" (the book Queen of the Damned
is helpful in explaining this) ~
GARLIC: This plant possesses
magical powers, which will ward off vampires. ~false- yes the smell is powerful and vampires have sensetive noses it doesn't
ward them off~
HOLY WATER: Another religious
weapon, which burns and scars a vampire usually without being fatal. Once again, its efficiency depends on the faith of the
user. ~false- same as EUCHARIST WAFER~
INVITE: Initially, a vampire
cannot enter a house unless invited. But once invited inside, it can re-enter as often as it pleases. ~false- basically
vampires can go where ever~
MIND CONTROL: Traditional
vampires had the ability to hypnotize their intended victims. They could also control some types of animals-usually those
animals into which they could change. They could also exercise some control over elements such as wind and storm. Modern vampires generally seem to have lost this skill. ~true and false- vampires can some what
hypnotize and control people, and can read minds but they can't control elements at all~
MIRRORS: Traditionally vampires
cast no reflection and have a strong aversion to mirrors. On the whole, modern vampires seem to have dispensed with this idiosyncrasy.
~true and false- they don't have reflections but they also don't bother to avoid mirrors~
SENSES: Typically,
a vampire's senses are much sharper than those of humans. ~true- their sences are more powerful, which is why garlic keeps
them a way a bit until they adjust to the smell~
STRENGTH:
Vampires are possessed of great strength, far beyond human capabilities. ~true- they are much more powerful, which is why
they can jump much much higher and farther~
SUNLIGHT:
Typically, you would expect sunlight to be the great enemy of vampires, but according to the myths it is not always fatal
(e.g. Stoker's Dracula was only weakened by sunlight, not destroyed). ~true and false- supposedly only the ancient
and extremely powerful vampires can live through sunlight all younger and less powerful ones tend to burn to ashes(only hope
for survival is blood all over them- see Anne Rice's Merrick for this info)~
TRANSFORMATION:
Traditionally vampires can change into bats, wolves, dogs and mist, though his modern successor seems to have generally lost
this ability. ~true- though not always they do this they have the ability~
WATER: A vampire can only pass
running water at the slack or flood of the tide (Van Helsing-Bram Stoker's Dracula). ~false- they have the ability to jump
really far, so they could jump the Pacific Ocean if they wanted, therefore making a small river or whatever no problem to
jump over~
Soruce(s) : http://www.geocities.com/calliope_demarquis/facts.html, http://vampirechronicles.freeservers.com/vampfacts.htm
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